The Health Belief Model ( Hbm ) Essay - 1486 Words

Out of all the vaccine preventable diseases, pertussis challenges most infectious diseases in severity and importance in children. In 2014, the incidence rate of pertussis in the United States increased by 15%, with almost 33,000 cases reported (Centers for Disease Control, 2015). The bacterium that causes this illness attacks an unprotected immune by attaching to the lining of the respiratory system. After initial attack, begins the release of the toxins that prohibit the respiratory system from working functionally. Because of this, mucus builds up in the lungs, causing an uncontrollable cough that makes breathing difficult (Tan et al, 2005). This illness is very contagious and almost always deadly in children. However, it can be prevented with proper vaccination. This problem can be addressed with the Health Belief Model (HBM), which encourages preventive health actions in order to prevent unwanted adverse conditions, with the idea that action depends on the value and expectancy o f the behavior. The HBM attempts to explain and predict behaviors by focusing on attitudes and beliefs of individuals that are represented by six distinct constructs. These constructs include, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action, and self-efficacy. In addition, these six constructs are modified by other variables including, age, gender, ethnicity, personality, socioeconomics, and knowledge (Sharma, 2017). The HBM acknowledges thatShow MoreRelatedThe Health Belief Model ( Hbm )968 Words   |  4 PagesThere are six Constructs of the Health Belief Model (HBM), a psychological modal that assists on the prediction of health behaviors such as â€Å"why people will take action to prevent, to screen for, or to control illness conditions† (Glanz, Rimer, Viswanath, 2008). The first construct of the HBA is Perceived Susceptibility, which is the idea or belief that a person thinks that they can’t get a certain ill ness or have a problem, they often will not take account to prevent it. Second, Perceived SeverityRead MoreEssay on The Health Belief Model (HBM)797 Words   |  4 PagesThe Health Belief Model (HBM) is one of the first theories of health behavior. It was developed in the 1950s by social psychologists in the U.S. Public Health Services to better understand the widespread failure of tuberculosis screening programs. Today it continues to be one of the most widely used theories. Research studies use it to explain and predict health behaviors seen in individuals. There is a broad range of health behaviors and subject populations that it is applied in. The concepts inRead MoreA Health Promotion Proposal Is Based On The Health Belief Model ( Hbm )813 Words   |  4 PagesThe theoretical framework of this health promotion proposal is based on the Health Belief Model (HBM). HBM is one of the most commonly used theories to analyze the feasibility, barriers and perceptions of a person in adopting interventions aimed at health promotion and disease prevention (Kim, Ahn, No, 2012). The four main constructs of the HBM are perceived susceptibility, perceived barriers, perceived benefits, and perceived severity (Yazdanpanah, Forouzani, Hojjati, 2015). MotivationalRead MoreHealth Belief Model1640 Words   |  7 Pagesadvantages and disadvantages of the Health Belief Model in explaining Health-related behaviour. Although the importance of preventive health cares, many people do not behave in a manner that will look after their own health. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is one relevant theory that claims to predict or control health behaviour .HBM was developed by researchers at US Public Health Service in 1974. Since the last comprehensive review in 1974, the Health Belief Model has continued to be the focus ofRead MoreThe Health Belief Model Of Health1583 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the history of health education, many theories have been developed to explain, predict, and change health behaviors. These psychosocial theories are created to further understand why people choose certain actions that affect their health, in either a negative or positive way. One specific method, which generated from the psychological and behavioral theory, is the Health Belief Model. The health belief model is one of the most widely used theories of health behavior, and was developedRead MoreThe Health Bel ief Model : Champion And Skinner Essay700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Health Belief Model (Champion Skinner, 2008) In this article, Champion and Skinner illustrated the Health Belief Model (HBM) (history, description, components etc.). Coming from a nursing background, it is essential to understand the concepts of the HBM and how to apply these concepts to better understand the patients’ health related behaviors to provide the best health care to meet his needs and support his beliefs about the intervention. The HBM is aimed to prompt positive actions towardRead MoreThe Health Belief Model And The Theory Of Planned Behaviour1708 Words   |  7 PagesWhen considering health psychology it is important to recognise the various models it is made up of. The basis of this essay will be to take a look at the health belief model and the theory of planned behaviour, considering their historical origins, the positives and negatives of applying these approaches and examples of when they have been used. After some analysis it may offer some insight into possible improvements that could be implemente d from further research. Also included will be an overviewRead MoreEpidemiology Is The Foundation Of Public Health Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pagesof public health, tracking insights into the origin, allocation, and impediment of disease in populations. It is a study of how frequently diseases transpire in different groups of people and why. Various factors contribute towards the incidence of chronic disease, as identified with the development of the advanced model of the triangle of epidemiology. The triad comprises of an outer agent, a vulnerable host and a setting that brings the host and agent together (CDC, 2012). In this model, diseaseRead MoreObesity : A Problem Facing Healthcare Professionals762 Words   |  4 PagesObesity Epidemic Katelynn Boot Health Perspectives and Assessment October 15, 2014 Obesity in America is a problem facing healthcare professionals in our modern day and age. According to the Centers for Disease Control, more than one third of U.S. adults are obese (2014). There are many concerns facing individuals who are obese, the risks for cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and stroke all increase with obesity. Obesity creates preventable health risks, costing our nation billionsRead MorePsychological And Social Influences On Smoking Behaviour1202 Words   |  5 Pages PSY101 Psychosocial Aspects of Health and Wellbeing Year 1, Semester 2. Coursework 1: Psychological and social influences on smoking behaviour Yinka Oladokun B00669560 B.Sc. Hons Psychology Introduction Smoking is a particularly common and intractable addictive disorder and is the leading preventable cause of many preventable chronic illnesses and death, responsible for approximately six million annual mortalities Yet, despite the well documented consequences of smoking, despite

Fears Of Communism The Cold War - 792 Words

Fears of Communism It was the Cold War, causing the space race and the arms race between America and Soviet Russia since 1947. In its midst the Cold War changed the United States dramatically, ranging from political to social problems all around the country. During the Cold War period there were many positive and negative effects on U.S. politics. One political effect on politics in the U.S. was Executive Order 9835 or Loyalty Order. This order requires all federal employees to be analyzed on whether they are loyal to the government or not. This order was directly associated with the Red Scare happening in the U.S. because the president was afraid that communists would eventually take over the government and replace democracy with a dictatorship. Another political effect of the Red Scare was the House Un-Americans Committee (HUAC.) HUAC forced people in the movie industry to renounce left-wing political beliefs and testify against one another which caused more than 500 people to lose their jobs. Another effect on the U.S. was of course, wars. The Cold War had several wars in its timeline. Some of them include the Vietnam war and the Korean war. The U.S. supported South Korea in the Korean war and communist China supported North Korea. In the Vietnam war, the U.S. supported South Vietnam against the communist North Vietnam. It was somewhat like an ideological war, capitalism against communism. These however, are only a few political changes caused by the Red Scare.Show MoreRelatedCommunism : A Great Evil1011 Words   |  5 PagesCommunism is a lot like a bad relationship. It looked good on paper. In regards to the world’s most feared form of government, two things have been historically recurring. First, communism falls when those in power fall victim to the vice of greed. And second, most important to the US-centric concerns of The West, the United States shows a consistent opposition to the ideals of communism. The most notable example of America’s great fear of the perceived evils of communism can be seen during the 1950sRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a state of political and military tension stemming from World War II fought primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the start and end dates of the Cold War are frequently disputed over, it is generally accepted that the conflict started at the conclusion of the Second World War and stemmed from the social climate and lingering tensions in Europe and the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union and the United States. Along with economic separationRead MoreThe Soviet Union During The Cold War999 Words   |  4 PagesThe emergence of the Cold War with the Soviet Union had far reaching impacts on American society, including hindering the pace of social reform in the United States. While some aspects of the Cold War may have helped promote certain social reforms, the net impact, deterred inevitable social reforms. Tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War induced a fear of communism in Americans that had numerous effects on American policies. McCarthyism, a period of controversialRead MoreSoviet Union And The Cold War Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cold War was a state of tension between the Soviet Union and the United States soon after WWII had ended. The war was deemed â€Å"cold’ because there was no direct fight between the two key countries. When World War II ended, there were only two super powers left and both had intentions of spreading their incompatible ideological system across the globe. Soviet’s Communism and the United States’ Capitalism were the different views that sparked the Cold War. Problems started when the USSR startedRead MoreWwii And The Cold War875 Words   |  4 PagesWWII and the Cold War were two very important wars in the history of the world. They both had a important role in the development of the world. The Cold War impacted society and politics more so than WWII by aiding countries in hopes of making them join their regime, the use of propaganda techniques to portray the other superpower as weak, the fear of annihilation due to nuclear weapons, and the war between communism and democracy. After WWII, much of Europe was left in ruins and millions of peopleRead MoreThe Culture Of The Cold War893 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel, The Culture of the Cold War, is the all about the cold war and how that time period effected America in the 1960s. It talks about how the Cold War era haunted America with constant threats, and the talk of communism all across the nation. The author of the book, Stephen J. Whitfield, described that the Cold War gave the nation an identity crisis and that suspicion started to arise. The novel is very descriptive on that topic and elaborates on certain ideologies during that time. The novelRead MoreMcCarthyism: Weeding out Communist Threats or Saving Capitalism1431 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the United States ended with a rudimentary analysis of the repercussions of a fabricated fear of communism. The article â€Å"McCarthyism: Political Repression and the Fear of Communism† denied overarching themes of the time period and focused on narrow attempts to place economic sanctions, infractions of civil rights, and national security as the reasons and outcomes of the fear of communism. While these themes are all supported with evidence, a neglect of analysis on the bigger picture leaveRead MoreThe Cold War Between Communism And Communism1721 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War The conflict in ideologies between capitalism and communism resulted in one of the greatest conflicts of the twentieth century. The belief that freedom and democracy would die under communist rule caused the United States to start a conflict that would last for decades. The decisions made by the United States in W.W.II caused tensions to rise between the U. S. and the Soviet Union. Fear of Communism in capitalist nations, caused the United states government to use propaganda to raiseRead MoreThe Cold War Was Inevitable Or Not?1624 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction To gain a full understanding of the Cold War, the knowledge of the why it started, an in depth analysis of what both sides contributed to make the Cold War what was and knowing whether the Cold War was inevitable or not is necessary. There were many different actions that both of the two major superpowers, the US and the USSR took that started the Cold War. I believe that the Cold War was inevitable because of the difference in ideologies between the US and the USSR, and the largeRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, a conflict between the United States and Soviet Union, the two global superpowers at the time. Given the name â€Å"Cold War† only for the fact that neither the Soviet Union nor the United States fought directly with one another, instead the war was waged through allies in the form of proxy wars and through increased use of intensive espionage, a never-ending arms race, immense technological competition and on a political fore front as both sides tried to gain the upper hand. The Cold War

`` Let Me Live, Love, And Say It Well Good Sentences ``...

â€Å"Let me live, love, and say it well in good sentences† (Plath). Sylvia Plath is a confessional poet who is often the subject of her poetry. Throughout the majority of her life Sylvia Plath simply wished to live an ordinary life. However, Plath endured many tragedies during her life that influenced her stylistic approach to poetry; often based off her emotions. In her poems, Plath acquires her central source of influence from her personal life and employs a variety of techniques to brand her message into her reader’s head, through intense language and controversial use of literary techniques. Born on October 27, 1932 in a suburb of Boston, Massachusetts, Sylvia Plath was a famous poet, novelist, and writer. Publishing her first poem in the Boston Herald’s children section, at the age of eight, Plath showed an early interest in poetry. Subsequent to her father’s death, Sylvia Plath’s family moved to Wellesley, Massachusetts, where she continued the duration of her scholastic experience until college. Sylvia Plath could be described as an exemplary daughter and star student who earned straight A’s throughout her high school career. By 1950, Sylvia Plath had won â€Å"The Scholastic Art Writing Award†, published her first story â€Å"And Summer Will Not Come Again†, written over 50 short stories, and had been published in a few magazines. Plath’s impeccable academic records and achievements won her a scholarship at Smith college in Northampton Massachusetts. As expected Plath alsoShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book The Adve ntures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesHow to Be a Hypocrite for Dummies INTRODUCTION: Quote/Lead: Look at â€Å"Post-It† notes. Don’t forget to cite! (1-3 sentences) – William Shakespeare once said, â€Å"God has given you one face, and you make yourself another†. TAG (Title, author, genre): The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain, satire full of adventure Context/Background: The story follows a teenager boy as he sets off on an adventure with Jim, a runaway slave. Together, they overcome a variety of obstacles and experience whatRead MoreDefinition Of Friendship Example Essay1172 Words   |  5 PagesEssay on the Definition of Friendship If asked, many people would say that their friends are some of the most important people in their lives. However, sometimes it is hard to recognize the value of a friend and see exactly how much they do for us and make our lives better. Charles Caleb Colton once said, â€Å"True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it is lost. Colton points out the high value of a good friend, but more importantly he suggests that friendship itselfRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1262 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstrate the themes of friendship and the American dream. II. 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Summary of Economics free essay sample

From the household the employee goes to firm to work and then he uses the finished resources for his personal use and this is how the cycle works. In Figure B. we should realize that not all the income is spent. Some income is saved and recycled to investment through the financial markets and that we can see in fig. B. As we cannot consider an economy as isolated from the rest of the world since countries have a great impact on each other owing to transactions such as imports, exports, and foreign borrowing. Therefore we should incorporate both the foreign and government sector in the flow charts as we can see in the Figure. C. In this the government sector makes payments to households and firms, collect taxes, borrows saving and consumes both goods and labor. The foreign sector buys and sells goods and services and borrows and saves it in the domestic financial market. We will write a custom essay sample on Summary of Economics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Now to understand the concept of supply and demand we should first know the meaning of those terms. Supply means the goods and services which we try to make it available to the customers on time and demand means to fulfill the needs of the buyer by providing him/her the services at the right place on right time. In Figure D. the supply curve is in the upward direction because the price is high as the producer is willing to produce the given quantity. The reason for price high is because of the need in order to compensate a producer for the higher cost of obtaining the additional resources needed to produce the larger output. Similarly, in figure E. the demand curve slopes downward because buyers as a group respond to lower prices by purchasing more. Now in Figure F, in the freely operating market the market price and the quantity are determined simultaneously . And one does not determine the other. There is only one actual market price and one actual quantity transacted. And so this means that some buyers and sellers were not able to make a transaction or additional transactions because they could not buy or sell at the going market price. So Buyers who were willing and able to pay the market price or more are indicated by the proportion of the demand curve. Now in figure G, as we can see that the marker prices and the quantities are at the equilibrium , new forces can causes either or both the supply and demand curves to shift. Such forces create a new equilibrium point towards which price and quantity will adjust. As we have even studied about the market failures and the role of the government in which the strength of the market is that all resources and outputs with efficiently be allocated to their most productive, beneficial uses by the law of supply and demand. On these grounds, there appears to be no rule for government in the economy other than maintaining the rules of the marketplace, since the market is performing optimally. However market failures which justify government interventions in the economy are as follows that is a) inequity (unfairness), b) failure of competition, c) underutilized resources, d) externalities, e) public goods. Now I would like to explain each of the failures one by one. a) Inequity: It is the distribution of resources and outputs resulting from a perfectly functioning market system will be efficient, but it may not be equitable. If the market’s distribution of benefit does not meet society’s criterion of equity, government can intervene to redistribute the ncome or wealth. b) Failure of competition: As we all know that there are some circumstances which lead to natural monopolies for example the economics of producing electricity may justify only one large power plant which exploits economies of scale to supply the entire community. c) Underutilized resources: It is when the national economy exhibits the high level of unemployment, idle factories, huge balance of payments deficits or surpluses, and unanticipated inflation; it is difficult even for economists to argue that all resources are being efficiently utilized by the market system. ) Externalities: Externalities are actions of one actor which affect another, but not directly through the market system. The actions of the polluter, for example, affect others by the reduced quality of the air and water they must consume, but the price of the polluter’s products does not reflect their cost of pollution. Thus government often provide regulatory incentives not to pollute or introduce market incentives through taxes or subsidies. e) Public goods: Some items have peculiar characteristics that when one person consumes the benefits, it does not detract others from also consuming the same benefits. Example of public goods is national defense and public parks. Thus the market system fails to produce an optimal amount and quality of these goods. Aggregate supply and aggregate demand: Generally I would like to explain this by an example but first I would like to clear some concepts that are one would expect that market mechanisms will efficiently allocate resources and output throughout the economy. As only under special conditions would another actor intervene in the operation of a particular market? All of this analysis forms the basis of microeconomic. Aggregate supply is the schedule relating the total supply of all the goods and the services in an economy to the general price level. While there is broad agreement among economists about the slope of the aggregate demand curve, a consensus view is almost impossible to identify. Aggregate demand is the result of the interactions of the nonfinancial and financial markets. The non-financial markets are divided into four types of expenditure. The financial market includes money and all other financial assets. This is why I have understood from the case study.